What happened
Among EU ChatGPT Enterprise accounts, Codex and ChatGPT Work now produce more than half of output tokens, and small-business weekly users grew more than eightfold since May 2026.
Why it matters
EU frontier firms use over four times as many output tokens per active user as typical EU firms, but still trail global frontier peers, according to the report.
WHO IT HITSEuropean enterprise IT leaders and small-business owners using ChatGPT will face pressure to move beyond simple Q&A toward agentic workflows. The report suggests they may need to invest in worker skills and tool access to keep pace, especially where usage intensity lags.
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OpenAI's latest Economic Research report puts a number on how far agentic AI has moved from experiment to daily work inside European companies. The data shows that Codex and ChatGPT Work, which let users hand off tasks from planning through completion, now generate more than half of output tokens for the company's EU ChatGPT Enterprise customers. This shift is not limited to large firms; among EU small and medium businesses, weekly active users of those tools grew more than eightfold since May 2026.
Yet adoption is uneven. Across the EU sample, the share of output tokens from Codex and ChatGPT Work ranges from 22% in Slovenia to 85% in Lithuania, and the kinds of work people bring to ChatGPT also differ by country. The report defines frontier firms as the top 10% by output tokens per active user and finds that in September, EU frontier firms produced more than four times as many output tokens per active user as typical EU firms, but global frontier firms produced more than twice as many as EU frontier firms.
That gap suggests the EU's challenge is less about starting to use AI and more about using it deeply. EU-based firms made up only 10% of frontier firms globally. OpenAI CFO Sarah Friar said Europe is in a new era of AI, with more than half of AI use among its EU enterprise and business customers involving agentic tools, and small-business users growing 8x. Closing the gap will likely require helping businesses move beyond experimentation and giving workers the skills and confidence to use advanced tools.
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