
Amazon is purchasing large quantities of books, transporting them to a warehouse in Las Vegas, Nevada, and destroying them while scanning their contents for artificial intelligence training data, according to an investigation by 404 Media.
The operation, carried out by an Amazon team called VGT3, had not been previously publicly reported and raises questions about whether publishers and authors are aware their works are being used this way.
What happened
A 404 Media investigation tracked a rare book through Amazon's supply chain to a warehouse in Las Vegas, Nevada, where Amazon employees remove book bindings and scan them for AI training data, destroying the physical books in the process. The warehouse team is called VGT3.
Why it matters
Amazon is acquiring books at scale for AI training without public disclosure of the practice. The destruction of rare books raises concerns about the source and sustainability of AI training data, particularly for publishers and collectors whose works may be used without permission or compensation.
What to watch
The investigation was conducted by placing a tracking device in a rare book and following it to its destination. The reporter is seeking sources who work at book-scanning facilities to learn more about the operation's scope.
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Amazon's book acquisition and destruction operation represents a largely unreported dimension of AI training data sourcing. The investigation reveals that the company is not only purchasing books but systematically destroying them in the process of extracting training data—a practice that differs fundamentally from the typical understanding that AI companies license or purchase datasets while preserving original materials. The operation's secrecy (it had not been publicly reported before) and the specific infrastructure dedicated to it (the VGT3 team with its own internal branding) suggest this is an established, organized effort rather than an ad hoc data collection initiative. The targeting of rare books in particular indicates that Amazon's acquisition strategy may be indiscriminate or opportunistic, raising questions about whether the books being destroyed include materials of historical, cultural, or commercial value that publishers and authors did not consent to have used for AI training.
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