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Large Language ModelsAI Safety & AlignmentGIGAZINE AIPublished: Oct 30, 2026, 13:00 JST

OpenAI updates Model Spec with five principles

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OpenAI updates Model Spec with five principles

3 Key Points

  1. What happened

    OpenAI updated its Model Spec, which sets out five principles for its AI models: be loyal to human intent, minimize harm, act honestly and transparently, promote human autonomy, and act carefully.

  2. Why it matters

    OpenAI says the update is a first step toward clarifying the values behind the spec as model capabilities grow, and that current models do not yet fully reflect it.

WHO IT HITSEnterprise teams and developers who build on OpenAI's models and rely on system-level instructions will see the documented priorities, such as system instructions outranking user instructions, spelled out more clearly.

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Context & Analysis

The update is framed by OpenAI as a clarification exercise rather than a new set of restrictions. OpenAI says the principles put strict constraints only where needed to protect people and society, while most of the rest can be changed by users and developers. That split matters because it defines where developers building on the models have room to adjust behavior and where they do not.

The examples OpenAI gives show how the principles are meant to work in practice. A library-assistant prompt asking for a full book text should be declined with an offer of a summary, while a request to write a story about Julius Caesar using a smartphone should be fulfilled without an unsolicited disclaimer. The honesty principle bans deliberate falsehoods and concealment, but allows untruths that satire or irony requires.

OpenAI's own framing sets expectations: it describes the Model Spec as a statement of the behavior it aims for, not a description of what current models do, and says it will keep improving both the spec and the models as it learns from research, real-world use and feedback.

FAQ
What are the five principles in OpenAI's updated Model Spec?
Be loyal to human intent, minimize harm, act honestly and transparently, promote human autonomy, and act carefully.
Do OpenAI's current models fully follow the Model Spec?
No. OpenAI says the Model Spec describes the behavior it aims to achieve, and current models do not fully reflect it.
How does the spec handle conflicting instructions?
User instructions are followed, but when they conflict with safety specifications, system-level instructions take priority over user instructions.
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